I believe the Federal POW folks confused the issue and mistook his regiment. I believe these two are one and the same.
V. Cameron, Company F, 41st Georgia Infantry captured at Murfreesboro/Stone's River December 31, 1862, sent to Camp Douglas, Illinois prison camp, listed on a roll there on March 31, 1863, this roll bears the following indorsement: "Received City Point, Va., April 6th, 1863, from Capt. Jno. E. Mulford, 3rd Infantry, N. Y. V., Comdg. 'Flag of Truce,' Six Hundred & Sixty Eight (668) prisoners of War, paroled for Exchange. Hy. A. Cannon, Capt. U. S. A."
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Valentine Cameron enlisted as a Private in Company F, 38th Tennessee Infantry on September 12, 1861 at Camp Abington, January 1, 1863 recorded as "Lost at the battle of Murfreesbooro," captured at Stone's River December 31, 1862, recorded to have returned by April 30, 1863, listed as "absent wounded" on August 31, 1864 [most likely Atlanta campaign], no further records