Apparently this man was always performing staff duties and never commanded a regiment. In a statement he made as a prisoner of war, he indicated that he was 55 years old and lived in Columbia pre-war. He then became asst adjutant general on the staff of the 3rd Division, MO State Guard. He was captured at Pea Ridge and then exchanged in the fall of 1862. Stayed within CSA lines paying troops and performing duties for Gen. Kirby Smith. Claimed he was never sworn into Confederate service. Reported himself to Federal authorities in 1865 in LA and was permitted to proceed to St. Louis.