There's a Fredrick Reeder 27 Hessian in 1860 census of Montgomery City, MO (not far from St Louis) in household of John Stone, an English born miller.
In 1870 a Fredk Reeder 35 Germany was in Contra Costa, California with wife Ann 27 Ireland and Agnes 8 mos. California.
Given the age variances common in censuses, this might be him, but don't find any probables 1880.