The Missouri in the Civil War Message Board

Re: Burbridge brothers
In Response To: Re: Burbridge brothers ()

Judy,

I will give you a little about Clinton Burbridge's military career, at least from the guerrilla war perspective--since that is my specialty. All three Burbridge brothers of Pike County dabbled in guerrilla warfare as all three worked off and on as behind-Union-lines Confederate recruiters in Missouri, and Clinton particularly was rather adventurous and got into interesting scrapes from time to time. The remarks in brackets are my own words regarding other sources I added for clarity.

I noticed the 1850 Missouri census for Pike County showed all three brothers (I presume) living in the household of Silas W. Farber (age 33, born Ohio) and they are listed as William K. Burbridge (age 29 born Ohio), John (age 21 born MO), and Clinton (age 16 born MO).

Beginning in 1861 Peterson, McGhee, Lindberg, and Daleen's landmark 1995 "Price's Lieutenants" on page 114 shows Clinton D. Burbridge as sergeant major in brother John's 1st Infantry Regiment of the 3rd Division in the southern Missouri State Guard (MSG). The footnote for him says this:

"'O.R.' Series 1, vol. 53, p. 427. Subsequently served as a Captain of Partisan Rangers, almost certainly leading a company in his brother's 2nd Cavalry Regiment of the II [or 2nd] Division [also in the Missouri State Guard]. 'O.R.' Series 1, Vol. 13, p. 271 & Vol. 22, Part 1, p. 272. Thence served as a Lieutenant P.A.C.S., and Aide-de-Camp to Colonel Burbridge, 4th Missouri Cavalry Regiment [read this latter unit as a regular Confederate outfit]. Captured in 1863 and held through 1864. 'O.R.' Series 2, Vol. 6, p. 173; vol. 7, p. 87,; see also Frost, 'Camp and Prison Journal,' pp. 104, 106, 174, & 198." [See the 1864 discussion below for more on Frost's prison account.).

In my 1862 book my index says I mention Clinton on pages 142, 169, and 189 with appropriate source listed in the endnotes for those respective chapters.

The first mention was Clinton as part leader of the attack on the the Union Enrolled Missouri Militia at Ashley, south Pike County on 28 August 1862 in which the defenders beat off the southerners killing three and wounding several at the cost of one Union man killed and five wounded. Clinton was wounded in the ear in that one. (Sources include: "O.R." series 1, vol. 13, p. 261, 1883 history of Pike County, and newspapers "Daily Missouri Republican" of St. Louis on 6 Sep 1862 and "Central City and Brunswicker" of Brunswick, Chariton County of 11 Sep 1862).

The page 169 mention of Clinton was little more than that, but it does refer to captured Confederate Brigadier General M. Jeff Thompson's wonderful quotes about the Burbridge brothers that Thompson made to the press in middle September 1863 and as printed in the St. Louis "Daily Missouri Democrat" of 15 Sep 1863. General Thompson (famous for his outrageous quotes throughout the war, and known as the "Swamp Fox of the Confederacy") said John was "a thorough soldier" and "always ready for a fight" but that his brothers Bill and Clinton were "worthless" at least to him because of their drinking and gambling. I realize this is a quote from 1863, but it was so irresistable that I used part of it in my 1862 book.

The page 189 mention refers to the Union EMM attack on a combined recruiting camp of Clinton's and two other area Confederate recruiters 18 September on Sandy Creek in east-central Monroe County, in which most of the southerners escaped except for two Rebels killed (Source: "O.R." vol. 13, p. 271).

In my 1863 book my index says I mention Clinton on pages 69-70, 128, and 129.

The pages 69-70 reference tells about John and Clinton operating secretly in Pike County and carrying secret Rebel mail between the southern army and friends and family in the Pike County area (Source: "O.R." vol. 22, part 2, pp. 271-2).

The page 128 mention tells how Clinton was captured on a passenger train 8 June at Mexico, Audrain County, by sharp-eyed Union soldiers from the region who recognized Clinton from earlier times (Sources: St. Louis newspapers "Daily Missouri Republican" of 11 Jun 1863 and "Daily Missouri Democrat" of 15 June 63; and Joanne Chiles Eakin's landmark 1995 "MO POW's" in Burbridge entry. Eakin's copy of the Union clerk's prison ledger entry states Captain Clinton Burbridge of Burbridge's regiment captured Audrain County 8 June 1863, and taken to either Gratiot Street or Myrtle Street Military Prisons, and the remark says ominously that on 16 December 1864 Clinton was transferred to the Jefferson City State Penitentiary. [More below about this]).

The page 129 mention of Clinton was about area southern guerrillas capturing a local Union official 10 June 1863 in a stagecoach holdup near Concord, north Callaway County and their attempt to swap the captive Union officer for Clinton, but the man later escaped (Sources: newspapers "Purcell at Work," "Daily Missouri Republican" of 11 June and "Captured by Bushwhackers" in "Missouri Statesman" of Columbia on 19 June).

As you read in the mention of the Union St. Louis area military prison records above, Clinton spent the rest of the war in various Missouri area prisons.

Confederate Captain Griffin Frost during 1864 was in the Gratiot Street Prison with Clinton, and Frost mentions Clinton in his journal published 1867 in Quincy, IL on pages 104, 106, 174, and 198, as mentioned in the "Price's Lieutenants" footnote above. Frost's book was in recent years reprinted by Camp Pope Bookshop in Iowa City, IA.

The entries on pages 104 and 106 concern the January 1864 accusation that Clinton was exchanging secret messages with other prisoners, strictly forbidden in the military prisons. Frost concluded this resulted in Clinton being transferred to "the dungeon," which was probably a version of solitary confinement for an unknown period of time.

Frost's page 174 entry tells about an incident at the Alton IL military prison on 8 September when Clinton and a Union lieutenant got into a fight in which the lieutenant had a club and Clinton had a knife. Again, Clinton went to solitary confinement as a result.

Frost's page 198 entry refers to Clinton's military tribunal in November 1864 in which Frost hoped Clinton would obtain his release. Evidently, this resulted in a decision to send Clinton to the state penitentiary as a troublsesome military prisoner.

He was transferred in December 1864 to the state penitentiary at Jefferson City, which happened to a number of the more infamous, more controversial prisoners normally kept in the several St. Louis area military prisons. Some of these transferees were proven escape risks, and some were troublesome to their captors for various reasons. The Union or penitentiary ledger record for Clinton as quoted in Joanne Chiles Eakin's little 1995 book "Civil War Military Prisoners Sent to Missouri State Penitentiary" on page 6 reads:

"Clinton D. Burbridge, 27 years old, born in Missouri, 5'8" tall, length of foot 10 inches, sandy hair, grey eyes, fair complexion, military prisoner from St. Louis, sentence 2 years by military commission, received 18 December 1864, marks and scars: scars right wrist and on right knee cap, mark on left ear {see attack on Ashley in 1862 above for where he got that mark on his ear]."

The record fails to tell us specifically about Clinton's release from prison, but all the military prisoners were released starting April 1865 through the summer 1865, and this applied to those at Jefferson City, too. Some were released earlier than others by decree from either President Lincoln or President Johnson, but there is no such mention on Clinton's entry in Eakin's book, so I really don't know when he was released, but certainly by the end of summer 1865.

I hope that helps.

Bruce Nichols

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