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Other than the 16th, I could not locate him in any other unit. However, his obituary in the Confederate Veteran notes service in Owen’s regiment which I believe he enrolled May, 1861 and later with the 16th July, 1862.

James Henderson Bronaugh

Residence Calhoun MO; 21 years old.
Enlisted on 5/1/1861 at Calhoun, MO as a Private.
On 5/1/1861 he mustered into "K" Co. MO 16th Infantry
He was Surrendered on 5/26/1865 at Shreveport, LA
(Estimated date of enlistment)
He was listed as:
* Wounded 8/10/1861 Wilson's Creek, MO
* Wounded 7/4/1863 Helena, AR (Severely wounded)
Promotions:
* 3rd Lieut 8/15/1862 (Estimated day)
Other Information:
born 10/6/1839 in Buffalo, WV
died 1/14/1920 in Calhoun, MO
Buried: Calhoun Cemty, Tebo Twp., Henry Co. MO
(Parents: Thomas Jefferson & Nancy Henderson Bronaugh.
Wife: 1. Leona Knox 2. Martha Davis. Post war
physician)
After the War he lived in Calhoun, MO

Sources used by Historical Data Systems, Inc.:
- Index to Compiled Confederate Military Service Records
- Research by R. Ross Houston
- Confederate Veteran Magazine
- Photo from Confederate Veteran Magazine

………..

James H. Bronaugh, Acting Jr. 2nd Lt., Act’g Capt. F. P. Bronaugh’s Co. of Independent Cavalry,* enlisted July 19, 1862 at Cedar Creek by Capt. Bronaugh for the war, elected 2nd Lieutenant, Caldwell’s Regiment, 4th Brigade, August 31, 1862, age 24, appointed from Missouri, slightly wounded at the battle of Helena, Arkansas July 4, 1863, paroled at Shreveport, La. June 8, 1865, resident of Henry County, Missouri

* This company subsequently became Company K, 16th Regiment Missouri Infantry, which regiment appears to have been designated at various times as 1st, 4th, [Caldwell’s] 7th, 14th, 15th, and Jackman’s Regiment Missouri Infantry, It was finally designated the 16th Regiment Missouri Infantry by S. O. No. 177, Headquarters Price’s Division, dated December 15, 1863.

………..

“ …. Dr. Bronaugh joined the Confederate army in the spring
of 1861 and took part in most of the battles west of the Mis-
sissippi River. He served in Company C. Owen's Regiment,
Gen. James S. Rains's division. State Troops, and was in the
battles of Coal Camp, Carthage, and Wilson Creek, and also
participated in the engagements at Dry Wood and Lexing-
ton. He was wounded at Wilson Creek

“Aftcr the Elkhorn battle his command was ordered east
of the Mississippi River, soldiered around Corinth for a
few months, and was then ordered west of the river. He
was slightly wounded in the Lone Jack battle ; was in the
Prairie Grove battle on Sunday, December 7, 1862, and the
battle of Helena, Ark., July 4, 1863, when he was badly
wounded. His command was then ordered to meet General
Banks on Red River, at Pleasant Hill, La., then to meet Gen-
eral Steel in the battle of Jenkins's Ferry, which was fought
April 30, 1S64. In August, 1862, Dr. Bronaugh was elected
third lieutenant of Company K, 16th Missouri Infantry, Gen,
Monroe M. Parson's brigade. General Price's division, C. S.
A. He surrendered at Shreveport, La., in 1865.
Confederate Veteran, V28, p. 144
https://archive.org/stream/confederateveter28conf/confederateveter28conf_djvu.txt

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