"Oh I'm sure most were poor enough"

Are you disagrement with the $40,000,000 figure for immigrant wealth into the United States in 1860? Do you have another figure?

"Hencewhy most were strong for the North"

Are your talking about the Forty-eighters? My dollar amount figure was attached to immigrants coming to America in 1860 not 1848-49. They were not the only Germans in America and only represented a very small minority and were very late comers to this country as far as Germans go. None of my German ancestors fought for the North, they were highly religous, simple hardworking people, and had nothing in common with the Forty-eighters.

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David Upton