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Re: Civil War and Reconstruction

In Unionist Republican areas in Alabama, Tennessee and other states, black people simply weren't allowed in. It didn't matter how they behaved -- their presence wasn't permitted. I suspect the number of reported lynchings in those areas was small, simply because there weren't many to lynch.

Alan, I live in a county with a majority of Democrats. Think ever crime there is done by a Democrat? The majority of those counties may be Unionist, but I suspect, there were a few ex-Confederates there also. Do you know the political affiliations of the people who commited as you say, a small percentage of the lynchings? What other socio-economical and educational factors would lead to their feelings, both ex-unionist and ex-confederate alike. You know Allan, I think in this area, both ex-unionist and ex-confederate had more in common than not.

Yankees can use rope, though, I'm sure in the South and West more swung without a trial, than they did up North. Of course there's kangaroo courts all over. When I was young I had to go to work in Montana, mostly Scandinavians there and Germans...not a one of whom would even say hi. You could approach a table, where they were sitting and they would shut up, when only talking about corn. I would ask if this was a Quaker Meeting. Isolate areas tend to produce people that only want and like their own kind and sort.
The Black Codes were laws passed on the state and local level in the United States to restrict the civil rights and civil liberties of Black People, particularly former slaves.

Although the Black Codes are most commonly associated with the Southern states after the American Civil War until the beginning of Reconstruction, where they were used to regulate the freedoms of former slaves, Black Codes developed over the span of half a century or more and some black laws date to the early 19th century in Northern states.

Expansion: 1830-1860
As the abolitionist movement gained steam and escape programs for slaves such as the Underground Railroad expanded, so did the backlash of negrophobia among whites in the North. Indiana passed an anti-miscegenation statute in 1845. In several states the Black Codes were either incorporated into or required by their state constitutions, many of which were rewritten in the 1840s. Article 13 of Indiana's 1851 Constitution stated "No Negro or Mulatto shall come into, or settle in, the State, after the adoption of this Constitution." The 1848 Constitution of Illinois led to one of the harshest Black Code systems in the nation until the Civil War. The Illinois Black Code of 1853 extended a complete prohibition against black immigration into the state.

Post-Civil War
After the abolition of slavery by the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, all former slave states adopted new Black Codes. During 1865, the first year of Reconstruction, every southern state passed new Black Codes that restricted the Freedmen, who were free but not yet citizens. They gave freedmen only a limited set of second-class civil rights and no voting rights, while pursuing a goal of re-admission to the Union. Southern plantation owners feared that they would lose their land or, if not, that blacks would not do their field work; many Southern whites feared that blacks would consider themselves their equals. Mississippi and South Carolina black codes have been described thus:[

"Negroes must make annual contracts for their labor in writing; if they should run away from their tasks, they forfeited their wages for the year. Whenever it was required of them they must present licenses (in a town from the mayor; elsewhere from a member of the board of police of the beat) citing their places of residence and authorizing them to work. Fugitives from labor were to be arrested and carried back to their employers. Five dollars a head and mileage would be allowed such negro catchers. It was made a misdemeanor, punishable with fine or imprison- ment, to persuade a freedman to leave his employer, or to feed the runaway. Minors were to be apprenticed, if males until they were twenty-one, if females until eighteen years of age. Such corporal punishment as a father would administer to a child might be inflicted upon apprentices by their masters. Vagrants were to be fined heavily, and if they could not pay the sum, they were to be hired out to service until the claim was satisfied. Negroes might not carry knives or firearms unless they were licensed so to do. It was an offence, to be punished by a fine of $50 and imprisonment for thirty days, to give or sell intoxicating liquors to a negro. When negroes could not pay the fines and costs after legal proceedings, they were to be hired at public outcry by the sheriff to the lowest bidder...."
"In South Carolina persons of color contracting for service were to be known as "servants," and those with whom they contracted, as "masters." On farms the hours of labor would be from sunrise to sunset daily, except on Sunday. The negroes were to get out of bed at dawn. Time lost would be deducted from their wages, as would be the cost of food, nursing, etc., during absence from sickness. Absentees on Sunday must return to the plantation by sunset. House servants were to be at call at all hours of the day and night on all days of the week. They must be "especially civil and polite to their masters, their masters' families and guests," and they in return would receive "gentle and kind treatment." Corporal and other punishment was to be administered only upon order of the district judge or other civil magistrate. A vagrant law of some severity was enacted to keep the negroes from roaming the roads and living the lives of beggars and thieves."

Distinction from Jim Crow laws
The Black Codes of the 1860s are not the same as the Jim Crow laws. The Black Codes were resultant of the abolition of slavery and the South's defeat in the Civil War. They were enacted in the 1860s, whereas the Jim Crow era began later, nearer to the end of the 19th century.

I know alot of people up North, who really aren't bad, they even like southerners and blacks. However my point in all this, is to say: So long as you don't harm or push people around you have the right to hate anyone you want to. You can hate Yankees, Rebs, and Blacks. That's your right. Though, it's not the Christian thing to do by my lights.

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