The Cunard steamship Asia, from Liverpool on the 21st and Queenstown on the 22d ult., arrived at this port yesterday afternoon. Her advices have been anticipated by the Prince Albert at St. Johns, but we derive from our correspondence and foreign files very interesting details of late foreign news. Accounts from Italy are of an important character. GARIBALDI was daily receiving large reinforcements, and, it is said, his preparations for renewing the war are now complete. The disaffection of the officers of the Neapolitan navy is so great as to be a serious danger to the Government. The Paris Moniteur has officially announced that in consequence of the deplorable events in Syria the Emperor of the French has deemed it his duty "to communicate his views without delay to the Cabinets of the other Great Powers and to the Porte, in order to concert the measures which circumstances demand." It is reported that a large French force will be sent to Syria. Our London correspondent comments on a variety of interesting intelligence from the British Capital.
The United States Mail steamship Northern Light, from Aspinwall on the 25th ult., arrived at this port yesterday. Her advices from California have been anticipated by the Overland Mail, but a fortnight's later news is received from the different Central and South American States. Intelligence of the departure of Gen. WALKER from New-Orleans had reached Guatemala and Nicaragua, and in the latter Republic the information had caused the greatest excitement. It was believed that the filibustering General would attempt to land at Omoa or Truxillo, in Honduras. Salvador had been visited by some severe earthquake shocks, and a rumor prevailed that the town of San Vincent had been destroyed. Our Minister to Costa Rica, Hon. ALEXANDER DIMITRY, has succeeded in concluding a treaty with the Government of that country. The treaty provides for the appointment of a Commissioner to settle all claims against Costa Rica. New-Granada continues in a very disturbed state. No reliable intelligence can be obtained from the interior, but it does not appear that either of the belligerent parties is strong enough to crush its opponent. War between Peru and Bolivia is supposed to be inevitable. Non-intercouse between the two Republics, so injurious to the trade of Bolivia, is strictly maintained. Mr. CLAY has not yet succeeded in procuring a settlement of the various American claims against the Peruvian Government. The last mail from Ecuador reported that a battle between the rival parties, under FLORES and FRANCO, was imminent. The conflict has not yet taken place, but it is still "momentarily expected." It seems that the belligerents are somewhat afraid of each other.
The steamship Karnak, from Nassau, N.P., on the 30th of July, arrived at this port yesterday. She brings intelligence of the capture of a slaver in the vicinity, with 360 Africans on board -- the number with which the vessel started from the coast having been 400. The captain and mate of the slaver were not found, and her nationality is not stated. The Karnak brings shipping intelligence of interest. Turks Island advices of July 7 represent Salt to be slow of sale.
Later advices from the Pike's Peak region are received by the arrival of the express at St. Joseph, which brought upwards of $12,000 in gold dust. A number of quartz mills are now at work at the mines, some of them with considerable success, realizing from $100 to $125 per day. Some of the mining claims have turned out very rich. Crime of all grades, however, is reported as prevailing.
A dispatch from New-Orleans informs us that a large flouring mill at Austin, Texas, was burned on the 26th of July, involving a loss of $100,000 -- the work of an incendiary; and that a negro had been caught in the act of setting fire to a building in Georgetown, who confessed that he had been incited by Abolitionists to burn the town.
The Prince of Wales yesterday, after visiting several places in the neighborhood of Halifax, and receiving and replying to various addresses, set sail for St. Johns on board the gun-boat Styx. He was accompanied in his visits by the dignitaries of Halifax -- civic and military -- and was received enthusiastically by the people.
The American Association for the Advancement of Science commenced its fourteenth annual session at Newport on Wednesday. The attendance was not very large, though it is expected that the meetings, after the preliminaries of organization are gone through with, will be more numerously attended than those of any previous year. The presiding officer is Dr. ISAAC LEA, of Philadelphia. No business of public interest was transacted on the first day.
The Chamber of Commerce held their regular monthly meeting yesterday. The prominent features of the occasion were a communication from the Quarantine Committee to the Health Officer of the port, and that gentleman's reply. These letters had reference to the requirement of bills of health for all vessels coming from Bremen and Hamburg, while none such are demanded from ships arriving from other European ports, -- the authorities of those cities feeling aggrieved at the invidious distinction, and complaining of the tax to which it vexatiously subjected them. The reply of the Health Officer calls attention to the fact that cholera, in a sporadic form, has existed within the past year both in Bremen and Hamburg, and has assumed there, in same instances, a malignant type. Nevertheless, those cities, he says, were not specially marked out for restrictions. He will, however, advise the Secretary of State that it is unnecessary that bills of health should be furnished by ordinary vessels, when steamers arrive from the same or adjacent ports of departure. At the same time, he does not perceive any hardship in their requirement, the taxation for them being only fifty cents a vessel. A resolution placing the Quarantine regulations of this port on a more perfect and efficient basis than heretofore was adopted.
There was another active market for Stocks yesterday, with higher prices under fresh orders for some of the Western shares and New-York Central, and a good deal of realizing on others. The market in the afternoon closed somewhat irregular. The Money Market very easy and cheap on temporary loan and for prime short discounts, lenders giving preference to this class of negotiations at low interest over 4@6 months' paper, the very best class of which goes at 6 1/2@7 per cent.
Flour and Wheat were less active, though buyers had any existing advantage. Corn was plenty and heavy. Groceries were less freely dealt in, as were likewise Provisions, Hay, Hops and Oils. Cotton, Metals, Naval Stores, Rice and Tallow were not in much request. Whisky declined a shade. No important changes occurred in other branches of trade.
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David Upton