Gary Spencer follows William Trotter's book (Bushwhackers) in taking Gen. Alvan Gillem and his eastern Tennessee "Mountain Yankees" to task for their treatment of Confederates during Stoneman's 1865 raid into Virginia and North Carolina. But these men had reason to be angry with the Confederates -- and especially those in western North Carolina and southwestern Virginia. Though inclined to support the Union, they had not taken sides until the Confederte conscription act brought raiders from adjoining states into their counties, forcing them into an army they did not support. So they went to kentucky to join the Union, refugees who had to take to the ridges and travel by night. Their families were terribly mistreated by raiding "home guard" units who occupied northeastern Tennessee. Those "outrages" included stealing all the livestock and other food, rape, and an incredible record of murder that left many dead, slaughtered at home for not being Confederate.. Most of Sherman's and Stoneman's troops had no personal scores to settle. But the Tennessee and bordering NC men in Gillem's units were very angry, especially those in the 13th Tennessee (US) Calvary. They were from Johnson and Carter Counties, and their folks had cought hell from Confederate occupiers in those counties. In the years after the war former Confedertes could not live in Johnson County and "Lincoln Republicans" predominated. It was the most Republican county in the US until the 1950s in the percentage of voters holding to the Republican ticket.