The reference to his capture on Feb 1 in Polk County caught my attention. Three civilians of Polk County enlisted in the 13th KS Infantry about this time. At least two of them and perhaps all three were Cherokee. Within a few months, all three deserted. I presume they enlisted or were conscripted involuntarily. I believe they were in their late 30s at least.

Moses Crittenden, age about 37, Cherokee (gg grandfather of Jim and I)
Frank Latta, Cherokee
Caleb? Cox