Plate CLXI from The Official Military Atlas of the Civil War shows the general direction of this road, runs SE out of Lexington bears more eastward after crossing the Tabo northwest of Hempland. It contiues across country eventually finding its way into Marshall Mo in Saline County.

Price's 1864 invasion itinerary mentions it as well as the Jesse James event with Wisconsin troops.

"Left Waverly at daybreak. Knowing that Generals BLUNT, and JENISON,
with between 3,000 and 4,000 Federals, were at Lexington (Colorado, Kansas,
and Missouri, troops), fearing they might make a junction with McNEIL and
A. J. SMITH, who were on Salt Fork and at Sedalia, made a flank movement to
the left after crossing Tabo, so as to intercept their line of march. Met
the enemy about four miles from Lexington on Salt Pond road; SHELBY in
front. Fought him back to the old Independence road, when night closed the
fight. Federals evacuated by the river road; loss very slight; went home
that night; distance, twenty-six miles."

http://www.archive.org/details/itineraryofgener00unit

Lloyds 1861 Missouri Map shows it as well:
http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/h?ammem/gmd:@field(NUMBER+@band(g4160+cw0296200))

Closest fit on modern roads I can find is 13 SE out of Lexington till crosses Tabo Creek then east on Page City Road across the country crossing 213 then to MO 20 east on into Marshall. All conjecture at this point for the modern route but appears to fit from the Topo maps.

John R