As best as I can tell from reading this over the years, most of these bonds or sureties were for the actual face amount and the total was collected. As you note some of these amounts were nearly impossible to raise, I guess that being the point the PM's wanted to make. Almost all required multiple co-signers to try to control the behavior of the accused and raise the needed funds.

see:
http://www.civilwaronthewesternborder.org/essay/shadow-war-federal-military-authority-and-loyalty-oaths-civil-war-missouri/page/0/1
for a nice discussion on the process and money involved. In theory the bond would have been returned to the guarantor at the end of the war but frequently this was not the case and there are several lawsuits heard to collect the money back from the state/federal gov't. This whole process was rife with corruption and graft and abuse on both sides.

If you want to sink your teeth into this shadow war, Dr. Geiger's thesis here is a good place to start:https://mospace.umsystem.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10355/4423/research.pdf?sequence=3

Clearly individuals used the banking, property tax, and surety laws to their personal benefit and destructive benefit during the war. An example is the activity with property being sold and bought on court house steps after being"abandoned" as a result of Order #11 which forced folks off their land. It stinks, it was crooked and hardly is mentioned as an atrocity of the war because it's "just money."

John R