The South Carolina in the Civil War Message Board

Re: Seige of Columbia
In Response To: Seige of Columbia ()

The 20th O.V.I. (LCOL Harrison Wilson), was in the Second Brigade (BGEN Robert K. Scott)Third Division (BGEN Manning F. Force, BGEN Mortimer D. Leggett), XVII Army Corps (MGEN Francis P. Blair, Jr.), in MGEN Oliver O. Howard's Right Wing (Army of the Tennessee). This unit advanced up the old State Road from the south parallel to the Congaree River, crossed the Saluda a mile or two upstream of its confluence with the Broad, then crossed the Broad on a pontoon just above the present-day location of Broad River Road (U.S. 176).

While the XVII Corps passed through extreme eastern Lexington County, it did not enter Lexington Court House. It is a misnomer to call the operations about Columbia a "siege." There was skirmishing on February 15 along Congaree Creek south of present day Cayce, shelling of parts of the city on February 16, and skirmishing at the crossing of the Broad, but the vastly outnumbered Confederate defenders evacuated the city on the night of February 16 and morning of February 17. I don't recall the total Federal cusaulties in the skirmishing, but they were nominal; far more Federals were burned to death in the burning buildings, where they had passed out drunk, than were killed in the skirmishing, or in an accidental explosion of ammuniton on February 19, which killed a number of soldiers. The contemporary estimates of the number of Federals burned to death run as high as forty.

The organization given above is for Bentonville, but it should not have changed since the left wing left Pocataligo at the end of January. I belive that Manning Force's papers are in Special Collections, Boston University. If you want to look at anything in the Ohio Historical Scoiety/Ohio State Archives for the 20th, do it quick. They have just announced that they will be open only one day a week, on Saturdays, effective January 1. At present they are open only three days a week, and already have perhaps the most restrictive hours of any archival repositiries in the country. So its going to get much worse.

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