Terry, I agree with everything you stated. I too feel that many of the foreign born soldiers may have conscriped into Confederate Service. As a general rule of thumb soldiers who joined in March of 1862 and after may have had some pressure on them. However, it's almost impossible to determine if someone who more or less reenlisted after their few months or year in service did so out of patroitism or conscription pressure. I am noting that many of the foreign born soldiers enlisted in the summer of 1861 suggesting that they too may have been caught up in War fever.

Since my post I have located yet another former Confederate with the 10th Louisiana who joined the 3rd Maryland Cavalry at Fort Delaware after being a prisoner during the Gettysburg campaign. He was born in Prussia. So that is 10 of 12 at 83% who were not born in the South as defined as those 13 Confederate states. (I also include Kentucky and Missouri because the Confederate goverment recognized them)

I failed to mention that about 80 to 90% of those former Confederates in the 3rd Maryland Cavalry deserted their command. This figure may be even higher for Louisiana soldiers because the 3rd Maryland Cavalry was sent to all places New Orleans, Louisiana in January of 1864. Many of them deserted prior to boarding the steamer from Baltimore, Maryland. I don't think I've ever saw a regiment with such high desertion rates as the 3rd Maryland Cavalry. Almost every prison in the North had galvanized Yankees and Fort Delaware had a total of four units with such former Confederates. And you're correct about galvanized Confederates also. No one has ever tried to identify who these soldiers were and that is one of my projects. We may know their names but not their units prior to being white washed.

Great pressure was put on these soldiers for enlisting in the Union Army and they were given a $25.00 bounty for joining. One particular soldier was interesting. He had come to New York City in 1859 from England and was a miner by trade. He worked for a company from Pennsylvania who sent him to North Carolina to look for precious metals in the Charlotte area. He was left alone until the spring of 1863 when he was as he stated "Forced into the Confederate Army" He as a prisoner during the Gettysburg campagin and taken to Fort Delaware and joined the 3rd Maryland Cavalry. After he was out of prison he wrote a letter to Parliament saying that he had no interest in the War either fighting for North or South and ask them to intervene on his behalf because he was a British subject. They did so and he was discharged.

Another interesting story is Lieutenant General John Clifford Pemberton's younger brother Andrew. As you probably remember General Pemberton had been born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and had married a Southern woman. His younger brother Lieutenant Andrew Pemberton was a recruiting officer for the former Confederates at Fort Delaware with the 3rd Maryland Cavalry for Company E. The day they were mustered into service on September 23, 1863 he was promoted to Captain. So many great stories are emerging about this research including murder. What happens after the War is over and a galvanized Yankee returns home only to find that some of his former Confederates at Fort Delaware remember him. It does not turn out as you may think, as the galvanized Yankee kills the former Confederates and a Federal military court finds him not guility of the murder charges.