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Re: 11th new york cavalry April65
In Response To: 11th new york cavalry April65 ()

The only hits in the Official Records for this period is in March 1865 to wit:

HDQRS. CAVALRY DIVISION, DIST. OF WEST TENNESSEE,
Memphis, Tenn., March 22, 1865.
Maj. W. H. MORGAN,
Assistant Adjutant-General:
MAJOR: I have the honor to forward report of Col. J.P. C. Shanks, commanding detachment of division on a recent expedition into Northern Mississippi. Particular attention is called to the part of his report referring to the good conduct of the men of his command during the expedition.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
E. D. OSBAND,
Col. Third U. S. Colored Cav., Comdg. Cav. Div., Dist. of West Tenn.
-----
HDQRS. FIRST BRIG., CAV. DIV., DIST. OF WEST TENN.,
Camp Shanks, Memphis, Tenn., March 15, 1865.
CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report the following as my action while in command of the recent expedition into North Mississippi:
In pursuance of orders from division headquarters I marched with the serviceable part of the First Brigade at 6 a.m. of the 3d instant, with two days' rations in haversacks and 100 rounds carbine and twenty-five rounds pistol ammunition, and one mule and parader for each twenty men to carry five days' rations from point on railroad thereafter to be designated. At 9 a.m. I was ordered by Col. E. D. Osband, commanding division, to take command of detachments from First, Second, and Third Brigades and move them to Germantown, with orders to leave 100 men from Second Wisconsin at White's Station, and during march to watch all movements in vicinity of Memphis and Charleston Railroad. These orders obeyed, I camped at Germantown at 3 p.m., First Brigade on south, Second Brigade on north, Third Brigade on west of town; posted guards at all the houses inhabited. This and the two days previous it rained without ceasing. Distance marched, fifteen miles. At 4 p.m. Colonel Osband arrived on train with forage.
March 4, called camp at 5 a.m.; remained in camp until 5 p.m., when train arrived with rations and additional forage. At 5 p.m. Lieutenant-Colonel Funke, commanding Third Brigade, was ordered to return to Memphis with detachments Eleventh Illinois and Third U.S. Colored Cavalry. At 6 p.m., one day's forage and ten days' rations having been issued, five of which were in packs and five in haversacks, I marched from Germantown on the Collierville road in command of the expedition. My command consisted of the following detachments: First Brigade, commanded by Lieut. Col. Hugh Cameron, Second Arkansas Cavalry--Second Arkansas, Captain O'Brien commanding, 300 men; Fifth Illinois, Lieutenant-Colonel Seley commanding, 348 men; Seventh Indiana, Major Simonson commanding, 370 men. Total, 37 officers and 1,018 men. Second Brigade, Col. H. Davis, Twelfth Illinois, commanding--Twelfth Illinois Cavalry, 228 men; First Iowa Cavalry, Colonel Thompson commanding, 471 men; Eleventh New York Cavalry, 295 men. Total, 38 officers and 994 men. Third Brigade, Maj. N. De Forest, Second Wisconsin Cavalry, commanding--Second Wisconsin Cavalry, Maj. M. W. Wood commanding, 393 men; Fourth Illinois Cavalry, Capt. A. T. Search commanding, 267 men. Total, 660 men.
My command consisted of -- officers and 2,672 men armed and equipped. I camped one mile southeast of Collierville at 9 p.m. on the Widow Brown's farm. Distance traveled, nine miles. Second Brigade in advance this day.
March 5, called camp at 5 a.m.; marched at 7, Third Brigade in advance, Second Wisconsin in advance of brigade. Advance and provost guards from this regiment. Fine country, but no farming being done. Detached squads on roads right and left. Forage scarce, but secured enough. Heard of the enemy in our advance giving notice of our approach. At Mount Pleasant their number increased to ten. Soon after passing this place the advance drove this squad hurriedly across Coldwater, swimming their horses after them. Major De Forest led this movement and relieved the command of these advertisers. Camped one mile southeast Lamar Station, on Mississippi Central Raft-road, at 6 p.m., on farm of A. C. Treadwell. Distance marched, twenty-four miles.
March 6, called camp at 4 a.m. and marched at 6. Order of march: First Brigade, Second Brigade, Third Brigade, Second Arkansas being in advance, and the advance and provost guard furnished by this regiment. This day bridges gone. Roads continue rough, much washed, and streams and low ground muddy. Reached Salem at 10 a.m. No information of our approach. I here learned that Colonel Crossland, in command of troops from Kentucky on their way to West Point to join Forrest, had reached Ripley two days previous, and with a possibility that they had not moved on, as they were looking for re-enforcements. This command was variously estheated at from 500 to 2,000. I moved promptly to intercept him, and was entering the town of Ripley with my column before noticed by the few soldiers found there. The advance, thrown forward [into] the town, led by Captain Moore, acting aide, caught most of the soldiers there, who were only a conscripting band. Colonel Crossland had marched southward thirty-six hours before my arrival, his command consisting of 300 cavalry. The latter portion of this day's march was through a pine country. Forage very scarce. I camped the First and Second Brigades in an excellent position on southwest side of town, the Third Brigade on northwest, controlling roads on which troops would enter from Kentucky or Tennessee. Command got forage except a portion of the Third Brigade. I distributed the country for scouting and foraging among the several brigades. To the Third Brigade I assigned Salem, Saulsbury, Nubbin Ridge, or Pocahontas, and Ruckersville roads, with territory included; to the First Brigade (reduced by sending Fifth Illinois to railroad) the Booneville, Guntown, and Baldwyn roads; to the Second Brigade the Cotton Gin (or Kelley's), New Albany, Oxford, and lower Salem roads. I sent scouts on all the roads above mentioned from fifteen to twenty-five miles. On the Oxford road to Holly Springs Crossing, fourteen miles. On Albany road to New Albany--a portion of this scout swam the Tallahatchie at New Albany in pursuit of a squad of rebels. On Cotton Gin road to Kelley's Mills and across and right and left along the banks twelve miles. On Guntown road to junction of Baldwyn road, eighteen miles. On road north of town from eight to ten miles. I had a guard placed at every house in the town. Marched by twos. Traveled forty miles.
March 7, at 5 a.m. I sent Lieutenant-Colonel Seley with his command, and fifty men under Captain Wardlaw, Fourth Illinois, on road leading east to Booneville, on Mobile and Ohio Road, with orders to destroy that road from Booneville to Baldwyn as effectually as possible, and reach camp at Ripley on the 9th at noon; with further instructions that if he found to his satisfaction that that portion of the road included within his former instructions was being run under a truce between Major-General Thomas and General Forrest--conditioned, as I had learned it was, that the road should not be used for military purposes--then he should not destroy it. He found it under this regulation, and returned to camp on the evening of the 8th at 5 p.m. A copy of his report(*) I herewith inclose and make part of this report. There were a number of cars loaded with corn for citizens carried under this arrangement. Colonel Seley deserves credit for the promptness with which he moved under these orders through the worst of roads with a scarcity of forage, the distance and return being near eighty miles.
March 8, I sent Major Simonson with 200 men on Guntown road to junction with Baldwyn road to support Lieutenant-Colonel Seley, and on Colonel Seley's return I ordered Major Simonson to return. He reached camp at 10 p.m. this day. I kept all approaches thoroughly scouted, turning the scouting party into a return forage detail whenever no enemy had been discovered within the limits of their instructions. In this way I got forage and kept my camp strong at the same time. No enemy was found in force.
March 9, finding no enemy north of the Tallahatchie, and the tenor of my orders, amount of my rations, condition of streams, bridges, and roads, with the great scarcity of forage in my rear and, in fact, north of that river, and the arrangement of neutrality upon the Mobile and Ohio Railroad rendering it unsafe to destroy it, thus at once depriving me of the power to materially injure the enemy, I judged it proper to return my command in as good condition as possible. Called camp at 5 a.m. and marched at 7 a.m. on Saulsbury road. Road narrow, washed in places, and streams and low ground very muddy. Order of march: Second Brigade, Third Brigade, First Brigade, Twelfth Illinois Cavalry in front and forming advance guard and provost guard. Weather bad. Captured Captain -- and Lieutenant Hammond, adjutant Fourteenth Tennessee. Camped on Gray's farm, two miles southwest of Saulsbury. Distance marched, twenty-nine miles. Found forage sufficient for command by scouring the country from noon.
March 10, called camp at 4 a.m.; marched at 6 a.m. Roads muddy; bridges gone. Compelled to march by twos. Order of march: Third Brigade, First Brigade, Second Brigade, Second Wisconsin Cavalry in advance. Advance and provost guards from this regiment. Reached Grand Junction at 9 a.m.; La Grange at 10 a.m. Captured three men at this place. Crossed Wolf River; crossing bad, bottom overflowed, and very miry. Marched to Soho's farm. Distance marched, twenty-four miles.
March 11, called camp at 4.30 a.m.; marched at 7. Order of march: First Brigade, Second Brigade, Third Brigade, Second Arkansas Cavalry in advance. Advance and provost guards from this regiment. Issued stringent orders that no foraging be permitted. Having opened my left flank to the only possible forces which could be between the Coldwater and Wolf Rivers, I guarded that flank carefully, and learned from a citizen that Bill and Jesse Forrest were preparing to ambush me at some point near Collierville with a force stated at 800 men. I ordered Colonel Davis, with the effective force of his Second Brigade, over on the Holly Springs road, keeping his pack train and unserviceable [animals] with me. I hoped by this means to hold any force the enemy had between the Coldwater and Wolf, but found no enemy. My command reached Memphis at 9, and were in their respective camps at 11 p.m. When within one mile of the pickets the front of my command was fired on by guerrillas, two of whom we captured and sent with charges to Irving Block Prison. Five escaped on horseback.
I used every endeavor to protect private property, and for this purpose issued stringent orders against stealing. I directed each regimental commander to appoint a rear guard, with strict instructions to permit no enlisted man to pass or repass unless under detail with a commissioned officer. This, with the provost guard placed at every house and with the general diligence of officers, reduced straggling to small numbers; but permit me to say that a most stringent rule must be adopted to enforce compliance therewith, both with officers and men, before the command will be thoroughly efficient. Every straggler destroys his horse and otherwise wastes the public property intrusted to him. I found the citizens generally depressed. The poor simply asked for peace, and seemed to comprehend that it was their more wealthy neighbors who caused the war. The wealthy are as usual stealthy and corrupt, but their only question was, What is the best the Government will do? There is an evident feeling of doubt amongst them. The best information I could get was that Forrest was himself at West Point. His forces were variously stated at from 10,000 to 30,000. Jackson was said to be at Verona with from 1,000 to 5,000, said to be mounted, to be dismounted, and to be partially mounted, the last of which is probably true. His orders were to move south to join Forrest. The waters were very high; almost all bridges washed away. Roads muddy and much washed. The brigade and regimental commanders and Captains Reed and Moore and Lieutenant Koffman, of my staff, deserve mention for their promptness in the performance of their various duties.
List of losses in men and material in the several regiments, as reported by their brigade commanders preparatory to this report, showing losses in respective re- giments except in Third Brigade. Losses and gains of stock are not designated:

A Killed. E Mules.
B Died. F Horse equipments.
C Wounded. G Carbines.
D Horses.

--------------------------Lost.------------------- Captured.

--------Men.------

A B C D E F G D E
First Brigade:
7th Indiana Cavalry .... .... .... 7 1 .... .... 10 7
5th Illinois Cavalry .... .... .... 20 .... .... .... 5 8
2d Arkansas Cavalry .... .... .... 12 .... .... .... 8 5
Total .... .... .... 39 1 .... .... 23 20

Second Brigade:
12th Illinois Cavalry 2 .... .... 14 6 2 .... 9 10
1st Iowa Cavalry .... .... 1 15 1 1 1 2 8
11th New York Cavalry .... .... .... 28 4 .... .... 7 7
Total 2 .... 1 57 11 3 1 18 25

Third Brigade .... 1 .... 5 3 1 1 6 3

RECAPITULATION.
A Killed. E Mules.
B Died. F Horse equipments.
C Wounded. G Carbines.
D Horses.

--------------------------Lost.------------------- Captured.

--------Men.------

A B C D E F G D E
First Brigade .... .... .... 39 1 .... .... 23 20
Second Brigade 2 .... 1 57 11 3 1 18 25
Third Brigade .... 1 .... 5 3 1 1 6 3
Grand total. 2 1 1 101 15 4 2 47 48

Counting on deduction of four men lost, and twenty-eight men must have been dismounted, taking the reports as previously shown. This, however, is not true. In my opinion not one man walked into Memphis, unless to rest his horse. I am impressed with the belief that company officers cover deficiencies in horses by overestheates of losses on return from long scouts. This subject needs examination, and I have commenced it in my command. This report has been delayed on account of it, and is defective yet. Sixteen prisoners were delivered to provost-marshal.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JOHN P. C. SHANKS,
Colonel, Commanding First Brigade, Cavalry Division,
District of West Tennessee, and Comdg. late Expedition.
Capt. E. J. MEYERS,
Acting Assistant Adjutant-General, Cavalry Division.

[OR Series 1, V. 49, Pt. 1,pp. 76-80]

Cheers,

George Martin

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