Best of all, get your hands on a copy of the 1911 "Twentieth Century History of Carroll County." It has around a dozen pages of information that includes Captain Logan Ballew's service around Carroll County and elsewhere in north Missouri in the summer of 1862. Far too much information for me to transcribe here. In a nutshell, Ballew raised a company that summer, and fought under Col. Poindexter's command. This was at the same time the somewhat more famous Confederate Col. Porter was recruiting a bit further east. Anyway, Poindexter's command was just as ill-fated as Porter's.
Then there is the earlier 1881 "History of Carroll County." It is much harder to find a copy of. I bet if you can track one down, it'll probably have a good deal of information on Captain Ballew.
Note that the State Archives has a card on Capt. L.H. Ballew as serving in a Company B of Shelby's Brigade, which seems to be indicative of additional service late in the war. Having been captured, then giving the oath and released, and then going back to serve some more, and getting captured again, and then either getting released or escaping and going back and serving at least a third time, I would say that that the tenacious Capt. Ballew was probably lucky he was not shot while trying to escape at some point. In any event, and with no desire to start a thread getting into definitions, it would probably not be proper to describe him as "bushwhacker," and he seems to have been too heavily involved with regular units to be properly described as "guerrilla."
One final observation for this post--there is an L.H. Ballew who shows up in the "History of Howard and Chariton County" after the war in a few brief mentions. Could be your guy....